IP地址是计算机网络中用于标识网络上设备的唯一地址。在编程和网络分析中，IP地址是一个重要的概念。您可以使用编程语言(如Python)来查询电脑的IP地址，以及使用socket库的函数来获取本机或远程主机的IP信息。
在当今的信息化社会，IP地址已经成为了互联网通信的基础，作为一名优秀的评测编程专家，你需要掌握如何使用IP地址进行编程和网络分析，本文将为你提供一些关于IP地址的基本知识和实用技巧，帮助你更好地利用IP地址进行编程和网络分析。
我们需要了解什么是IP地址，IP地址是一个用于在互联网上标识设备的唯一编号，它由四个字节(共32位)组成，通常用点分十进制表示，192.168.1.1就是一个典型的IP地址，IP地址分为两类：内部IP地址和外部IP地址，内部IP地址主要用于组织内部的网络通信，而外部IP地址则用于与互联网上的其他设备进行通信。
我们将介绍如何使用Python编写一个简单的程序来获取本机的内部和外部IP地址，我们将使用socket库来实现这个功能。
import socket
def get_ip_address():
hostname = socket.gethostname()
internal_ip = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
external_ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn(hostname))
return internal_ip, external_ip
internal_ip, external_ip = get_ip_address()
print("内部IP地址：", internal_ip)
print("外部IP地址：", external_ip)运行上述代码，你将看到如下输出：
内部IP地址： 192.168.1.100 外部IP地址： 203.0.113.105
通过这个简单的示例，你已经学会了如何使用Python获取本机的内部和外部IP地址，我们将介绍一些其他关于IP地址的实用技巧。
1、如何判断一个IP地址是否属于同一个子网？
要判断两个IP地址是否属于同一个子网，我们需要比较它们的前三个字节是否相同，以下是一个Python函数，用于判断两个IP地址是否属于同一个子网：
def is_same_subnet(ip1, ip2):
ip1_parts = ip1.split('.')
ip2_parts = ip2.split('.')
return ip1_parts[:3] == ip2_parts[:3]我们可以这样使用这个函数：
ip1 = "192.168.1.1" ip2 = "192.168.1.2" print(is_same_subnet(ip1, ip2)) # 输出：True
2、如何使用IP地址进行ping操作？
ping是一种用于测试网络连接的工具，通过发送ICMP回显请求报文并等待接收ICMP回显应答报文，我们可以判断目标设备是否在线以及网络延迟情况，以下是一个Python函数，用于执行ping操作：
import os
import platform
import time
import re
import subprocess
from datetime import datetime as dt, timedelta as td
import psutil as psutil_lib
import psutil.net_io_counters as netIOCountersModule
import requests as rqsts_lib
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs4_lib
import urllib3 as urllib3_lib
import http.client as http_lib27k7 as http_connexion_lib27k7, http.cookiejar as cookiejar_lib27k7 as cookiejar_lib, http.server as httpd_lib27k7 as httpd_lib27k7, imp as imp_lib27k7 as imp_lib, io as io_lib27k7 as io_lib, logging as logging_lib27k7 as logging_lib, mimetypes as mimetypes_lib27k7 as mimetypes_lib, multiprocessing as multiprocessing_lib27k7 as multiprocessing_lib, numbers as numbers_lib27k7 as numbers_lib, operator as operator_lib27k7 as operator_lib, pickle as pickle_lib27k7 as pickle_lib, posixpath as posixpath_lib27k7 as posixpath, pydoc as pydoc_lib27k7 as pydoc_lib, queue as queue_lib27k7 as queue_lib, random as random_lib27k7 as random_lib, re as regex_lib27k7 as regex_lib, runpy as runpy_lib27k7 as runpy_lib, sched as sched_lib27k7 as sched_lib, select as select_lib27k7 as select_lib, sets as sets_lib27k7 as sets_lib, shutil as shutil_lib27k7 as shutil_lib, signal as signal_lib27k7 as signal_lib, site as sitemapparser as sitemapparser, string as stringprep as stringprep, struct as structprep27k7as structprep, sys as sysmod269899854359483659566594836595665948365956659483659566594836595665948365956659483659566594836595665948365956659483659566594836595665948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365948365=None) -> None: pass # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[arg-type]->None # type: ignore[args='()'] -> NoneTypeVar('http://' + 'requests' + '.' + 'org/' + 'packages/' + 'url' + '.' + 'parse') -> NoneTypeVar('http://' + 'requests' + '.' + 'org/' + 'packages/' + 'url' + '.' + 'parse') -> NoneTypeVar('http://' + 'requests
